How to Argue

“Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent”

Ludwig Wittgenstein

In our confidence in argumentation, we often admire those individuals who seem to effortlessly triumph in every debate. However, most often upon closer inspection, it becomes evident that their success may be attributed to a web of ‘logical fallacies’. The unfortunate reality is that many remain oblivious to these flaws in reasoning.

A few common Logical Fallacies

Logical fallacies are pitfalls in reasoning that can compromise the validity of an argument. One such fallacy is ad hominem, where the focus shifts from the argument to attacking the person making it, diverting attention from the substance to personal traits

A second common fallacy in arguments is Straw Man Fallacy. This occurs when someone deliberately distorts an opponent’s argument to create a more easily attacked version. Instead of engaging with the actual points made, the arguer takes aim at this distorted “straw man.”

Another noteworthy fallacy is the Appeal to Authority, where the persuasiveness of an argument relies on the status or expertise of the person making it. It’s crucial to recognize that expertise in one field doesn’t guarantee correctness in others. Relying solely on authority, without valid arguments, weakens the foundation of any position.

How to have a reasoned debate

Logical argumentation happens when we steer clear of logical fallacies. Being aware of common fallacies equips us to navigate discussions more effectively. It allows us to identify when an argument deviates from a rational course and redirect the conversation to substantive issues. A few easy tips:

1. Stay Focused: Keep discussions centered on the topic rather than personal characteristics.
2. Listen Actively: Understand opposing viewpoints before responding for a more constructive exchange.
3. Educate Others: Share knowledge about logical fallacies to foster a culture of thoughtful and reasoned debate.

In conclusion, honing the ability to argue logically is crucial. By recognising and avoiding fallacies like ad hominem, straw man, and appeal to authority, we contribute to elevated discourse and the pursuit of truth. A well-reasoned argument not only strengthens your position but also encourages a more informed and enlightened society. Keep your arguments sharp, your logic sound, and watch as your influence in discussions grows.